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The
district has 14 police stations and covers an area of about 340447
Hectares, Geographically, the district can be divided into two parts
viz. (i) Hilly area and (ii) Plain area. The hilly area comprises
of Kaimur plateau. The plain area on the western side is flanked
by the rivers The Karmanasha and the Durgawati. The Kudra river
lies on it eastern side. The district of Buxar of Bihar State and
the district of Ghazipur of U.P. State bound it on the North. On
the south is the district of Garhwa of Jharkhand State and on the
West is the district of Chandauli and Mirjapur of the U.P. State.
On the East is district of Rohtas of Bihar State. The district has
close linkage with the history of Shahabad, which was its parent
district also. The old district of Shahabad had four subdivisions
of which Bhabua was one. The present district of Kaimur has been
formed from the whole of this Bhabua subdivision.
History
Kaimur
has an old and interesting history. In pre-historic days the plateau
region of the district has been the abode of the aboriginals whose
chief representatives now are the Bhars, the Cheros and the Savers.
According to some legends, the Kharwars were the original settlers
in the hilly tracts of Rohtas. The Ovaons also claim that they ruled
over the stretch falling between Rohtas and Patna. One local legend
also connects Sasaram the present headquarters of Rohtas with king
Sahasrarjun, who was killed by Saint Parshuram in a fight.
The
district of Kaimur formed part of the mighty Magadh Empire from
6th century B.C. to 5th century A.D., under the Mauryan and Gupta
rulers of Magadh. In the 7th century A.D., this district came under
the control of Harshawardhan, the ruler of Kannouj. An inscription
in the Mundeshwari temple near Bhabua refers to the king Udaysena
asthe ruling chief of the area. The Seal of king Sasanka of Guada
in Bengal is inscribed at Rohtasgarh in the district of Rohtas.
The famous Chinese pilgrim Huen- tang, who journeyed through the
country in the 7th century A.D., passed through Arrah, the headquarters
of the old Shahabad district through this region of newly formed
Kaimur district. The area of the district successively came under
the rulers of Shail dynasty of central India and Pal dynasty ofBengal.
According to C. Mark, a historian, the first ruler of Pal dynasty
controlled this region. Later on Chandauli controlled Varanasi-Chandawali
and also the Kaimur district in the 12th century, as confirmed by
the Tarachandi inscription near Sasaram. After the fall of the Guptas
the district in all probability relapsed into the hands of the aboriginal
tribes and came under the control of petty chieftains. The Rajputs
who came from Ujjain, and the province of Mallwa had a series of
conflicts with the aboriginals and it took them many hundred years
to subdue the aboriginal completely. The Census report of 1961 describes
that when Bakhtiar Khiliji attacked Bihar in 1193 A.D., he found
Shahabad in the hands of petty Rajput chiefs often fighting among
themselves. They were not united and strong enough to offer powerful
resistance to the Muslim invaders. Hence Bakhtiyar Khiliji had an
easy victory over them and the district soon became a part of his
kingdom. Later it was annexed, along with the rest of Bihar, to
the kingdom of Jaunpur. A hundred year later, it passed under the
direct control of the Muslim empire of Delhi.
Sher
Shah's father, Hassan Khan Sur, got the Jagir of Sasaram. Later
Baler invaded the area in 1529 and has mentioned Hindu superstitions
about river Karmanasha. In 1537 the old Shahabad district witnessed
advancement of Humayun and his subsequent conflict with Sher Shah
at Chausa. Later the district of Shahabad (which includes present
Kaimur district also) was included in Akbar's empire.
In
1758, Shah Alam during his conflict with Lord Clive of East India
Company, went to Durgawati and with the help of local Zamindar Pahalwan
Singh crossed the Karmanasha River. Subsequently Pahalwan Singh
succumbed to comply and live on the latter's terms. In 1764, the
old Shahabad district witnessed conflict for supremacy and the English
became absolute masters of the area after defeating Siraj-ud-daula
in the battle of Buxar. Again the area was shaken by the rebellion
of Raja Chait Singh of Banaras but eventually the English succeeded
in suppressing the revolt.
Lastly
the historic 1857 mutiny under command of Kunwar Singh had its impact
in the district. As a result, during the independence movement the
district had a substantial contribution to the freedom of India.
Much after independence in the year 1972 Rohtas district was formed
out of the old Shahabad district and in the year 1991. The present
Kaimur district was formed out of the Rohtas district.
Climate
The
climate of the district is somewhat extreme in nature, i.e., quite
hot during the summer and fairly cold during the winter. January
is the coldest month when the mean minimum temperature comes down
to approximately 4 degree C.. The temperature starts rising from
March and reaches its peak in May when the mercury touches about
450C. Rain starts sometime in mid June and lasts till mid September.
The district gets easterly winds from June to September, and from
October to May wind direction reverses. Maximum rains occur during
the months of July and August (289 mm). Sometimes winter rains occur
in Jan-February.
River
Originating
from the Kaimur hills, the river Karmanasha passes through Mirzapur
district of U.P. and forms the western boundary of the district
for about 170 Kms. The river Kudra, which forms eastern boundary
separating Rohtas district, is a branch of the river Dhoba rising
in Kaimur Plateau South-West of Tilauthu, and ultimately joins the
river Karmanasha. The River Durgawati originates from Kaimur hills
and flows in the northern direction. It is joined by the Kudra River
before it merges finally into the river Karmanasha. The river Durgawati
is perennial in nature and inundates a large area of land during
heavy rains.
Forest
The
alluvial plain extending up to the foothills of Kaimur ranges is
extensively cultivated. Rice, wheat, pulses are the chief crops
and the area is dotted with bamboo clumps and mango orchards. The
Forests found in the Kaimur hills have suffered indiscriminate felling
of trees in the recent past. The plateau is generally covered with
long grasses, viz. Kush and khas. Sal trees of poor quality and
vast stretches of bamboo are also found. Firewood, Tendu leaf and
Chiraunji are the important forest products.
The
number of fauna and game birds has gone down considerably with the
increase in the area of cultivation due to increase in irrigation
facilities.
Irrigation
Durgawati
and the Karmanasha rivers are the perennial sources of surface water.
A high level canal from Indrapuri (Dehri) has been irrigating the
southern parts of this district. The canal is about 84 Kms long
and irrigates about 34000 hectares of land during Kharif season
and about 9000 hectares of land during Rabi season. The southern
part of Kaimur district has a number of canal systems such as Durgawati
Main Canal, Garachaube canal etc.
In
the hilly tracts of Adhaura, Chainpur and Bhagwanpur blocks, only
ditches and ponds are used to conserve rainwater. New techniques
of water conservation and harvesting practices are needed in plain
as well as these hilly areas to utilise rainwater. Reservoir tanks
can store water from hill streams and rivulets especially when "Hathia"
rain falls, which also provide irrigation during Rabi season. Water
table in the plain areas is low and high yielding tube wells can
sustain at a depth of 70-100 meters whereas small tube wells may
get the aquifer zone within 25-30 meters depth. The normal depth
of water table is 5-10 meters in winters and up to 15 meters in
summers.
Land
Use Pattern
Out
of the total geographical area of the Kaimur district 31.22 % is
covered by the forest, mainly in Adhaura, Chainpur and Bhagwanpur
blocks. Paddy, Wheat, Barley and Maize are the main cereal crops
of the district. Among pulses, gram occupies the maximum area of
cultivation, followed by Mansur, Arhar, Moong and Urod. Sugar cane
and potatoes are the main cash crops.
Timber,
Bamboo, Firewood, Chiraunji and Kendu leaf are the main forest produce
while the minor produce consists of honey, and fodder grass.
Mines
and Minerals
Sands
of the Durgawati and the Kudra River are exploited as building material.
The hilly tracts of Kaimur ranges are a part of very old Vindhyan
system of mountains; hence, there is possibility of limestone, sulpher
and pyretic iron ores to be found here. The mineral wealth needs
more study and is yet to be explored properly.
Industrialisation
The
district is scantily industrialised. A few private rice mills, however,
are found here mainly in Mohania Subdivision. Mohania block in credited
with a DRDA sponsored Dairy and a BSTDC hotel known as, the Kaimur
Hotel.
NH
2 (G.T. Road) crosses through the center of the district from Karmanasha
to Kudra for about 50 km. NH 30 originates from it near Mohania
and connects this district with the capital Patna via Arah. Apart
from these, there are also a few State Highways in the district.
Transport Facilities
Mohania
Block is situated on Gaya-Mughalsarai Section of Grand Chord Railway
line; the railway station is called Bhabua Road. The district headquarter
is located at a distance of 14 Kms southward from the railway station
or the G.T. Road.
Commerce
Banarasi
Sari, Silk, Kaleen, Dari and Agricultural produces are the main
articles, which are traded in and out of the district.
Electricity
and Energy
Pusauli
power station is being constructed at a distance of 8-10 Kms form
the Sub-divisional Headquarters of Mohania. The possibility of tapping
solar energy is also great in the district.
KEY
STATISTICS OF DISTRICT
Establishment
- 1991
Road
Communication
1. Pucca Road - 771.99 Km.
2. Kacha Road - 1255.19 km
Railway
No.
of Railway Station - 07
Post-Office
1.
No. of Post-office - 120 2. No. of Telegram office - 09
Agriculture
Data
(a) Land distribution.
1. Total geographical area - 340441 Hec.
2. Net area under cultivation - 176734 Hec.
3. Current fallow land - 17304 Hec
4. Area under forest - 106300 Hec.
5. Area under non-agricultural use - 2598 Hec.
6. Other area under non-agricultural use - 37505 Hec.
b)
Irrigation
1. Irrigated area 71794 Hec.
2. Irrigation area presenters of Net area - 40%
3. Source wise Irrigation area
(i) Govt. Tube well - 1307 Hec.
(ii) Private Tube well - 8676 Hec.
(iii) Canal - 55743 Hec.
(iv) Other source - 6068 Hec.
(c)
Cropping Pattern
1.
Crop area Sown under two or three - 114683
2. Present's of net area sown under two or three crop - 64.89%
3. Total crop area - 291417 Hec.
(d)
Five main crop area
1. Paddy - 111000 Hec.
2. Wheat - 67688 Hec.
3. Dalhan - 72431 Hec.
4. Telhan - 12086 Hec.
5. Maze - 1445 Hec.
e)
Fertilizer (Ton) - Total use - 24.423
(f) Agricultural tools - 1. No. of Tractors. - 1240 2. No. of Pump
set - 9401
(g) Cattle
1. Plough cattle - 133360 2.
Dairy cattle -
(i) Cow - 65636
(ii) Buffalo - 95822 3-
Other - 110356 4-
No. of Poultry - 82539 Industry
Industry
1. No. of Major Industry - Nil
2. No. of small scale industry -
669 Market
1. No. of current Market. - 10
2. No. of cooperative Market - 178
3. No. of current hat/ weekly market - 22
4. No. of cooperative society or agricultural dept. seed Bhandar
- 09
Population
(As per Census 2001)
Total Population
(a) Rural Population - 1243068
(b) Urban Population - 41507
(c) Total Male - 673556
(d) Total Female - 611019
(f) Sex Ratio {Total female per 1000 male} 907
(g) Working Percentage 34.41 %·
Male 47.07 %·
Female 20.45 %
Literacy - Person - 570260 (56%)
Male - 381298 (71%)
Female - 188962 (39%)
| SC Population
|
Total |
2,13,762 |
Rural |
2,10,642 |
Urban |
3,120 |
| ST Population |
Total |
27,229 |
Rural |
26,625 |
Urban |
604 |
| Sub
Divisions |
Bhabhua,
Mohania. |
| Blocks |
Bhabhua,
Ramgarh, Mohania, Durgawati, Adhaura, Bhagwanpur, Chand, Chainpur,
Kudra, Rampur, Nuawon. |
| Agriculture |
Paddy
Fields, Maize, Wheat, Sugar Cane. |
| Industry |
.. |
| Rivers |
Karmnasha,
Durgawati. |
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