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Brief
about District
N.C.Hills
district was a part of Kachari
Kingdom before 1832. The kingdom was extended from
Jamuna in the North to the foot-hills of Lushai
Hills in the south & from the Kopili in
the west to the Angami & Katcha Naga hills
beyond the Dhansiri in the
east. The Dimasa Kachari kings had
their Capitals successively at Dimapur,
Maibang, Kashpur & lastly at Horitikor ( Karimganj district
near Badarpur ). In 1830, the Dimasa
king Gobinda Chandra was assasinated
by his own general Gambhir Singh,
after that the British annexed the southern part of
the kingdom on 14th August 1832 under the doctrine of Lapsi. The
rest was ruled by last Dimasa General
Tularam. In 1837 a portion of
Tularam’s kingdom was further annexed to
the British Empire & constituted into a sub-division
of Nagaon district in 1837 with Head quarter
at Asalu. In 1854, on the death
of Tularam, the remaining portion
of his kingdom was finally annexed to the British Empire &
added to the Asalu sub-division.
In
1867 this sub-division was abolished & apportioned into
three parts
among the districts Cachar, Khasi &
Jaintia Hills & Nagaon. Geographical
feature
Physical:
The North Cachar Hills district is situated
at southern part of Assam & is bounded by Nagaland & Manipur
state in the east, Cachar district of Assam in the south, Meghalaya
state & the part of Karbi-Anglong district in the west &
another part of karbi-Anglong & Nagaon district in the north.
Latitude
: Between 25o 3/
N and 25o 47/ N.
Longitude
: Between 92o 37/ E
and 93o 17/ E.
Altitude
: (a) Eastern Region :- 600-900
metres
(b) Northern Region :- 1000-1866 metres.
Geographical
Area : 4890 Sq. k.m..
Railway
Area
: 133.25 k.m.
Hills:
The major portion of the district is
covered by hills. The main range is Borail of which
" Thumjang" is the highest peak at 1866
metres & Hempeupet is the 2nd highest
peak at 1748 metre. The other main range is Khartheng range
from Dittokcherra to Garampani .
Rivers:
The main rivers are
Kapili, Dehangi, Diyung, Jatinga,
Jenam, Mahur, Langting etc, of these Diyung
river is the longest river having the length of
240 k.m. Almost all rivers originate from Borail.
Climate: Rainfall
is heavy during the months from May to September, but it is
not evenly distributed throughout the district. Climate condition
is also not uniform. rainfall in Borail range is heaviest. Annual
average in this range varies from 2200 mm to 2700 mm while
in the Langting- Manderdisa-Diyungmukh area it receives much
less rain( i.e., from 1200 mm. to 1800 mm.).
The
average mean maximum temperature varies from 24o
C to 30o C.
The average mean minimum temperature varies from 10o
C to 14o C .
The
average relative humidity varies from 73% to 84%.
Types
of Forest & its area :
The areas covered by forest in the District is as shown below
:
1.
Langting Mupa Reserve Forest
: 497.55 Sq. k.m.
2.
Krungming Reserve Forest
: 124.42 Sq. k.m.
3.
Barail Reserve Forest
: 89.93 Sq. k.m.
4.Unclassed
State Forest
: 3854.00 Sq. k.m.
5.
Hatikhali Proposed Reserve Forest : 18.06 Sq. k.m.
6.
Panimur Proposed Reserve Forest : 28.70 Sq. k.m.
7.
Barail Proposed Reserve Forest
: 17.60 Sq. k.m.
Important
Forest Species & Forest Produces:
Important
tree plants naturally available are Haldu, Gamari, Titachopa, Nahar,
Bonsum, Bogipoma, Bola, Koroi, Bhelu, Makri, Sal etc.
Minor
Forest Produces available are Bamboo, Cane, Broom sticks, Tezpat,
Dalchini, Tannins, Medicinal plants & herbs, Honey, Sand, Gravels
etc.
Wild
life: Tiger, Leopard,
Elephant, Barking Deer, Screw Hollock, Gibbons,
Black Bear, Wild dog, Wild Buffalo, Mithun etc are the main inhabitants
of the hill ecosystem. The varieties of birds, snakes, tortoise
& other reptiles, etc too, enrich the hills biodiversities.
Minerals:
Lime stone & coal in small quantity are found in the neighbourhood
of garampani . Carbonaceous shale is available in Baga area. Good
quality of lime stone low in magnesea & suitable for cement
manufacturing is also available.
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